When Is a Defibrillator Used?

Imagine a world where you have the power to save lives. What if you could be the hero who steps in during a critical moment to help someone in need? Understanding when is a defibrillator used and how to use it can provide you with that power. In this blog post, we will explore the various situations in which defibrillators are used, the importance of early defibrillation, and the necessary precautions to take when using these life-saving devices.

Understanding Defibrillators and Their Purpose

Defibrillators are medical devices designed to correct life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) and non-perfusing ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach). They work by interrupting the heart muscle for a short period of time to generate an electrical impulse that initiates a normal rhythm. There are different types of defibrillators available, including implantable cardioverter defibrillators, depending on the device required, such as automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).

An AED is a medical device that is capable of analyzing the heart’s rhythm and providing verbal instructions for its use. ICDs, on the other hand, are devices implanted in the chest and designed to detect and counteract severe arrhythmias that could lead to a heart attack by delivering electrical impulses as necessary. Personal defibrillators are also available for individuals at high risk for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and can be applied to the patient’s chest when needed.

Defibrillators play a crucial role in saving lives during sudden cardiac arrest, as early defibrillation has been reported to save over 1,700 lives annually in the United States by detecting and treating abnormal heart rhythms. It’s essential to understand how these devices work and when to use them to provide the best chance of survival for someone experiencing a life-threatening heart event.

Identifying Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Sudden cardiac arrest, which can lead to sudden cardiac death, is a medical emergency in which the heart abruptly ceases to beat. It can result in death within minutes if not addressed promptly, as the brain and other vital organs are deprived of oxygen and blood. Symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest include loss of consciousness, absence of pulse, and cessation of respiration. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators can help prevent sudden cardiac arrest in high-risk individuals.

It’s important to note the distinction between sudden cardiac arrest and a heart attack. While a heart attack is caused by an obstruction in blood flow to the heart, sudden cardiac arrest is due to an electrical malfunction in the heart. A heart attack may lead to cardiac arrest, but they are not the same event.

Recognizing the signs of sudden cardiac arrest is critical, as appropriate and timely intervention can significantly increase the chances of survival. Knowing when to use an AED or call for emergency help is essential in these life-threatening situations.

When to Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

An AED should be used in cases of unconsciousness, absence of pulse, and abnormal breathing. Time is of the essence during cardiac arrest, as the chances of survival decrease by 10% every minute that passes without the SCA victim being resuscitated. The earlier the heart’s rhythm is restored, the higher the likelihood of avoiding permanent damage to the brain and other organs. Proper placement of the AED pads on the chest wall is crucial for effective defibrillation.

AEDs are easy to use and can be found in many public places, such as airports.

Calling 911 and Starting CPR

Before using an AED, it is imperative to contact emergency services and initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Dialing 911 in cases of sudden cardiac arrest provides instantaneous access to emergency medical services, which can provide life-saving care such as CPR and defibrillation.

CPR, which includes chest compressions, after cardiac arrest can maintain the circulation of blood to the heart and brain for a period of time, buying precious minutes until an AED can be used.

Locating and Using an AED

AEDs can usually be found in public areas such as malls, office buildings, sports arenas, gyms, and airplanes, and are carried by police and ambulance crews. When using an AED, follow the verbal instructions provided by the device to ensure proper usage.

Possessing a home AED can be beneficial in preserving valuable time when attempting to revive a person suffering from ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.

When Not to Use a Defibrillator

Defibrillators should not be used on conscious individuals, those with a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order or patients with faulty devices. If a DNR bracelet or tattoo is seen on a victim’s chest, wrist, or forearm, it is advised that you not administer an AED. In this case, follow the patient’s wishes of refraining from using the AED.

In the event that an AED is found to have defective components during an emergency, it is essential to identify an alternative AED in the vicinity. Being aware of these scenarios and knowing when not to use a defibrillator can prevent unnecessary harm or complications.

What to Avoid with a Defibrillator

When it comes to the question,  what should you avoid with a defibrillator, particularly an implanted one, there are several key considerations to keep in mind to ensure the device functions correctly and to minimize health risks. First and foremost, strong magnetic fields and MRI scans are at the top of the list, as they can disrupt the workings of the defibrillator. It’s also advisable to steer clear of high-voltage areas and equipment that generate significant electromagnetic interference, such as industrial welders or large motors. For those with a defibrillator, it’s essential to avoid contact sports or activities that could result in a blow to the chest area, which could damage the device. Everyday objects like cell phones should be kept at least six inches away from the implant site to prevent potential interference. Lastly, certain medical procedures, including diathermy, shock wave lithotripsy, and electrocautery, may require special precautions or the temporary deactivation of the defibrillator because they can interfere with its function. It’s crucial for individuals with a defibrillator to consult their doctors for a comprehensive list of what to avoid and to ensure they understand how to maintain the device’s integrity and their own safety.

Special Considerations for AED Use

Some situations require extra care while using an AED. For patients with pacemakers, it is important to adhere to the instructions for responding to individuals with a pacemaker stated in the AED’s user manual and place the AED pads where indicated.

If a person is wet or lying on a wet surface during sudden cardiac arrest, move them to dry land before delivering an AED shock. It is necessary to remove some hair from the patient’s chest in order to ensure proper adhesion of the electrode pads. This allows for a secure connection to the person’s skin. Many defibrillator kits include a razor for this purpose. If a razor is not available, use pressure to position the pads as close to their chest as possible.

Defibrillator Use in Children and Infants

When responding to cardiac emergencies in infants, the question often arises: “Is a manual defibrillator preferred for infants when available?” Indeed, while Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) can be used for children aged 1 to 8 years with no signs of circulation, their use is generally not recommended for infants under 1 year old. In such cases, a manual defibrillator, which allows for precise control over the energy level delivered, is the preferred device. Pediatric pads are critical when using AEDs on young patients, as they modulate the energy delivered to a safe range of about 50-75 joules suitable for the child’s smaller size. However, if neither an AED with pediatric capabilities nor a manual defibrillator is available, immediate CPR should be administered and continued until an advanced life support (ALS) team with the appropriate equipment arrives.

Post-Defibrillation Care and Recovery

After utilizing a defibrillator, the initial responder or provider will deliver CPR for two minutes and assess for a pulse and evaluate if the heart rhythm has reverted to its normal state. If necessary, they will continue to provide CPR and administer another electrical shock or medications (epinephrine or amiodarone) to attempt to regularize the abnormal rhythm, such as pulseless ventricular tachycardia.

Recovery from the use of a defibrillator may take months or years. Physical therapy and other forms of therapy may be beneficial for rehabilitation, but it requires patience and time.

Importance of Regular Checkups and Maintenance

Regular checkups and maintenance of defibrillators, including implantable devices such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators, are essential to guarantee that the device is operating correctly, the battery and electrode pads are not outdated, and the device is available and ready to use in the event of an emergency. For individuals with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, it is essential to attend regular checkups to ensure that your ICD is functioning optimally.

After approximately five years, a new ICD battery will be necessary. Maintaining regular check-ups and device maintenance can make all the difference in an emergency situation.

Summary

In conclusion, understanding when and how to use a defibrillator is crucial for saving lives during sudden cardiac arrest. By recognizing the signs of cardiac arrest, knowing the appropriate situations for using an AED, and being aware of special considerations and precautions, you can be the hero who steps in during a critical moment to help someone in need.

Never underestimate the power of knowledge and preparedness. Equip yourself with the necessary information and skills to make a difference – you just might save a life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What heart conditions require a defibrillator?

People with abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure are at high risk of cardiac arrest due to ventricular arrhythmia, thus requiring an ICD.

In some cases, your doctor may suggest an ICD for other reasons.

Do they use a defibrillator when the heart stops?

No, a defibrillator won’t restart a heart once it has stopped. However, if the heart has stopped due to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), a defibrillator may help to start the heartbeat again when used in conjunction with CPR.

How do you know if someone needs a defibrillator?

If you have experienced a sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, or if you have an inherited heart condition, you may need a defibrillator.

An ICD is typically recommended for those with a high risk of cardiac arrest due to ventricular arrhythmia.

Do you use a defibrillator when someone stops breathing?

When a person is unresponsive and not breathing properly, an AED should be used as they may be displaying agonal gasps which are indicative of low oxygen levels and dying.

Agonal gasps are a sign of a medical emergency and should be treated as such. An AED is the best way to provide the necessary care in this situation. It can help to restore normal breathing and oxygen levels, potentially saving the person’s life.

What is the main purpose of a defibrillator?

The main purpose of a defibrillator is to correct potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias by generating an electrical impulse to restore a normal heart rhythm.